>Mod Warning< Gun Control, Pepper Spray, Self-Defence and Liberals

The use of hyperbole, and absence of rational thought, has been noted.

 

Of course you have actual evidence. Just joking of course you don't.

 

Serfs to whom?

 

Your efforts at eliciting some sort of emotional response have been duly noted, and thus ignored. Evidence of deaths attributed to the use of pepper spray and other related chemical agents does indeed exist.

http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/12/us/alabama-police-custody-death/

"Officers chased him into the woods, and when the officers caught up to him, he resisted arrest," Dunn said.
Police pepper-sprayed Ware, who continued struggling but was eventually handcuffed, Dunn said. But while officers were walking out of the woods with him, Ware collapsed.
Officers performed CPR and called for medical help, police said. But after arriving at a local hospital, Ware was pronounced dead.
Investigators from inside and outside the Tuscaloosa Police Department have launched a probe into the death.
Dunn said the incident was captured on video, which will be released to the public "as soon as the Tuscaloosa County homicide investigators say it can be released without hindering the ongoing investigation."

https://www.theguardian.com/world/the-lay-scientist/2011/nov/22/how-dangerous-is-pepper-spray

So how safe is pepper spray, and is it being used appropriately? Like all supposedly non-lethal weapons, pepper spray has risks, and in some cases it can lead to fatalities, as even the Department of Justice admits (pdf). Reliably assessing that risk turns out to be quite difficult, though.


Of course we know that any use of pepper spray can involve pain, discomfort, temporary blindness and respiratory issues, but statistics from the field seem to be thin on the ground. At UC Davis 11 students were treated by paramedics while two were hospitalized.


How many of those sprayed away from a friendly campus receive comparable treatment, and who is counting them?


Deaths involving the police can result from a complex combination of causes. By 1995 the ACLU in Southern California had identified 26 deaths connected with pepper spray use in 30 months (pdf).


A more recent North Carolina study cited by the DoJ looked at 63 deaths in custody (pdf), and suggested two may be partly attributable to the weapon. In both of those cases the victims were asthmatic, as were some of the more seriously affected students at UC Davis.


Capsaicin, the active ingredient in these sprays, is known to cause distress to the lungs and airways. Clearly, certain groups will be at much greater risk from its use, but again there seems to have been no real effort to quantify this risk.

http://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/19/us/aclu-report-calls-pepper-spray-potentially-deadly.html

Although pepper spray was not cited as the cause of death in any of the incidents, it was a common factor in all cases. All but two people who died were under the influence of drugs, especially stimulants like cocaine and methamphetamines. In addition, half were hog-tied after being sprayed, and died within a short time. In a hog-tie, a suspect's wrists and ankles are bound behind, with an elastic cord joining the two bindings.


The report said the combination of the spray and how a person is restrained could seriously impair breathing and result in "positional asphyxia," a form of suffocation.


The civil liberties union said Mr. Lungren ignored warnings from state scientists about these potential dangers and approved the use of the spray before receiving the complete toxicological tests that the state's Environmental Protection Agency had requested. The report quoted electronic messages and confidential letters, which it obtained through the California Public Records Act.


Because of its "extreme concern" about pepper spray's safety, the civil liberties union has asked the United States Consumer Products Safety Commission to assume responsibility for regulating the product.


"Pepper spray appears to have fallen through the cracks of the Federal Government's entire regulatory system," the report said.

http://articles.latimes.com/1995-06-18/news/mn-14572_1_pepper-spray-manufacturer

But even as the popularity of pepper spray grows among both police and civilians, concerns are being raised by academics, civil libertarians and some law enforcement officials about the possible lethal consequences of a relatively inexpensive weapon that is manufactured with little or no regulation.

"You have people who die after they have been sprayed," acknowledged Steven Beazer, president of Utah-based Advanced Defense Technologies, one of about half a dozen major manufacturers of pepper spray devices. "Does pepper spray have a role in some of these deaths? I will say yes. It is going to have an effect. These are weapons. . . . Clearly, this is not a breath freshener or an underarm deodorant."

According to a Times review of in-custody deaths since 1990, at least 61 fatalities nationwide--27 of them in California--have been reported following police use of pepper spray on suspects. Two of those deaths occurred in Orange County within the past year, including Trejo's, which is still under investigation by the district attorney's office.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/judyst...-health-hazards-of-pepper-spray/#3e47fd0e2979

Some of the best information on the harms of OC comes from the ACLU. In their original report, "Pepper Spray Update: More Fatalities, More Questions” the ACLU found 26 deaths after OC spraying in just a two year period—one death per 600 times police used spray. They noted that death was more likely if the victim was also restrained. (The cause of death was not firmly linked to the OC and some of the victims had been using other drugs as well).


A new report from The International Network of Civil Liberties Organizations (INCLO) and Physicians for Human Rights, "Lethal in Disguise: The Health Consequences of Crowd-Control Weapons," found that more potent formulations of pepper spray are increasingly the weapon of choice by police. They also report that OC preparations may also include other toxic chemicals, such as alcohol, halogenated hydrocarbons, or propellants. Such combinations make it more difficult to treat exposures. In fact, a 2004 paper from Duke and University of North Carolina cautioned about the other chemicals often used with OC, noting, “Inhalation of high doses of some of these chemicals can produce adverse cardiac, respiratory and neurologic effects, including arrhythmias and sudden death.”


The combinations may also result in delayed reactions, according to the British National Poisons Information Service.


This new literature review was much more restrictive in what studies were examined. As co-author Dr. Rohini Haar, an emergency medicine physician and research fellow at University of California Berkeley explained, this review excluded case reports and studies where “pepper spray was involved but not necessarily the cause of death.” Thus, “we significantly underestimate the numbers of deaths” due to pepper spray. Yet even with such strict and limiting criteria, this systematic review of a variety of weapons for crowd control “identified 5,131 people who suffered injuries; two of these people died and 70 suffered permanent disabilities. Out of 9,261 documented chemical weapons injuries, 8.7% were severe and required professional medical management, 17% were substantial .”

 

:0) - Go to Google and look up "taking the pi$$"

 

Until you can guarantee that the assailant won't do further harm once I'm incapacitated by the spray with solid evidence then I'm going to assume that he means further harm and I'm going to act accordingly.

I challenge you to be able identify whether an object is a gun or not in a split second as its moving. That's what cops have to deal with all the time. If you treat an object as if its a weapon then I'm going to assume that it is.

If they're are spraying it at me then I have every right to assume that it is pepper spray.

 

Google "people who died from pepper spray."

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/need-to-know/five-things/pepper-spray/12472/

 

Don't forget getting sprayed with Easy Off Oven Cleaner !
There have been cases of that !
That stuff can blind you !!!!

 

Such information has already been presented for consideration and review.

 

Sorry I was unaware that you didn't actually understand what the term " evidence" actually means. Here for your edification is a dictionary ( book that explains words) definition.

ev·i·dence
ˈevədəns/
noun
noun: evidence

1. 1.
   the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid.
   "the study finds little evidence of overt discrimination"
   synonyms: proof, confirmation, verification, substantiation, corroboration, affirmation, attestation
   "they found evidence of his plotting"
   • LAW
     information given personally, drawn from a document, or in the form of material objects, tending or used to establish facts in a legal investigation or admissible as testimony in court.
     "without evidence, they can't bring a charge"
     synonyms: proof, confirmation, verification, substantiation, corroboration, affirmation, attestation
     "they found evidence of his plotting"
     testimony, statement, attestation, declaration, avowal, submission, claim, contention, allegation;
     deposition, representation, affidavit
     "the court accepted her evidence"
   • signs; indications.
     plural noun: evidences
     "there was no obvious evidence of a break-in"
     synonyms: signs, indications, pointers, marks, traces, suggestions, hints;
     manifestation
     "evidence of a struggle"

verb
verb: evidence; 3rd person present: evidences; past tense: evidenced; past participle: evidenced; gerund or present participle: evidencing

1. 1.
   be or show evidence of.
   "that it has been populated from prehistoric times is evidenced by the remains of Neolithic buildings"
   synonyms: indicate, show, reveal, display, exhibit, manifest; More
   testify to, confirm, prove, substantiate, endorse, bear out;
   formalevince
   "the rise of racism is evidenced here"
   antonyms: disprove

Origin

 

How was it not evidence?

 

If the definition of evidence is not clear enough there is nothing I can do to help you.

 

I understand the definition. I fail to see why isn't my link considered evidence.

 

Perhaps, Because he likes not facts or truth.

 

Throw crockery at Bears, mop handles too, a little Birdie once said, you don't need a Gun !!!!

 

Here's 63 of them. Knock yourself out.

https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/204029.pdf