The Rehoboth Basters, is it any future for them in Africa?

litwin · Feb 25, 2014

[video=youtube;fs8GbbDjAfQ]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fs8GbbDjAfQ[/video]

http://www.rehobothbasters.org/

is it any future for them in Africa? and why the world turns a blind eye on this situation?

The Community of the Rehoboth Basters numbers some 35,000 people, living in an area of 14.216 square kilometres south of Windhoek, the capital of Namibia. They settled in their lands in the early 1870's. They developed their own legislation, years before the Germans installed their colonial rule over Namibia in 1885 and as such they constitute an indigenous people in present-day Namibia.

The first Baster communities emerged between the Cape Colony's northwestern frontier and the lower course of the Orange River at the end of the eighteenth century. In the beginning of the nineteenth century, missionary organizations, such as the "London Missionary Society" and the "Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft" established congregations in the territory of the Basters and supported the local communities (gemeentes) in developing written forms of regulations that were already in custom for a long period. Several of these political institutions were adopted from the neighbouring Khoi tribes , in particular the offices of "Chief ' (Kaptein) and "Sub-chief ' (Onderkaptein) and the annual tribal gathering. The regulation of public life depended largely on the introduction of written congregational constitutions (or gemeenteordenings"), not only for the christianized people within the community but also for the Heathen, who were treated on equal footing. All community-members were liable to pay taxes and levies, to attend church services, to send their children to school from the age of seven and to have births and deaths within their families registered with the authorities.

Every community elected yearly between their members a " Council " (Raad), responsible for the control of the civil and ecclesiastical order, the settlement of. disputes between the community members, the punishment of offences and the distribution of garden-plots and arable land. During such meeting, the community decided also about the acceptance of new members. At their public gathering on the 24th of March 1868, the community of Basters of Tuin decided to emigrate beyond the borders of the Cape Colony. In order to find new places for settlement on the northern banks of the Orange River, the Council of Tuin sent out an advance party under the leadership of "kaptein" Hermanus van Wyk . He conducted several negotiations with the tribal governments in Nama- and Hereroland and he participated in a common Peace Conference at Okahandja in 1870. At the beginning of the people's "Great Trek" from de Tuin to Rehoboth, the Basters drafted a Provisional Constitution during the trekkers' sojourn in Warmbad on the 15th December 1868.

A revised form of this Constitution was promulgated on the 31st of January 1872 at Rehoboth and it was again renewed and amended on the first of January 1874. This legislation became known as the "Vaderlike Wette" (Parental Laws). These laws did not only restrict themselves to constitutional matters (such as the election of a Chief and of a Council, citizenship.... ) but included at the same time civil and criminal laws and regulations.

The German colonial administration concluded a "Schutz- und Freundschaftsvertrag" ( Treaty of Protection and Friendship ) with the Rehoboth Basters on the 15th of September 1885. According to this Treaty, "the German Emperor recognized the rights and freedoms acquired by the Basters at Rehoboth for themselves.. .". Further, the Treaty mentions that all disputes between Rehoboth community members "will be tried by their own judges and according to their own laws". An important passage in the Treaty is Paragraph 7, which reads as follows "if there should be any other matters to be settled between the German Empire and the Kaptein of the Basters at Rehoboth, these will later be solved by agreements between the two Governments". Despite the efforts of the German administration and legislation to increase their, influence in the Basters community, the Council of the community continued to enact new laws. The Councillors also played a leading part in the rebellion of April 1915 against the Germans.

The form of local self government remained unchanged during the period of military occupation of South West Africa by Union forces (1915-1919) and in the first years of the mandatory system. On the 17th of August 1923, two members of the Executive Council of the Basters (the Government) and seven members of the "Raad" (the Parliament) signed an Agreement with the South West Africa Administration. But a majority of the Rehoboth Basters rejected the Agreement because "it limited their rights to self-determination and it failed to restore rights to land filched under German regime." Finally, this opposition led to an open rebellion in 1925 and the formation of an oppositional "Nuwe Raad" (New Council). The S W.A. Administration reacted with Proclamation 31 of 1924, whereby the "Kaptein", the traditional courts and officials appointed by the "Raad" were temporarily dispensed with and their powers transferred to the Magistrate and his Court. It is important to notice that Proclamation 31 did not repeal the Agreement of 1923; it only suspended a number of provisions.

Local self-government of the Rehoboth Baster community was partly restored with the Proclamation 9 of 1928, whereby an " Advisory Council " was introduced. In a first period, the Council consisted of three elected members and three members appointed by the S W.A. Administration. According to a Proclamation in 1935, the three appointed members of the Council were to be elected. The "Advisory Council" governed the community in all "internal matters", such as the approval of loans to citizens, buying and selling of land, village affairs, ... The oppositional "New Council" continued to function in the period between 1925 and the early thirties. On their initiative, a number of petitions were sent to the "League of Nations", requesting the restoration of full selfgovernment. Finally, on the 11th of April 1933, there came an end to the division of the community and a new "Advisory Council" was elected by all members of the community.

In 1946 the mandate of the League of Nations was transformed into the Trusteeship system of the United Nations and the Republic of South-Africa continued to be the administrating power. In 1966 the General Assembly, by resolution 2145 (XXI) terminated South-Africa's mandate and legally took over the responsibility of the territory. However factually the Republic of South Africa continued to administer the territory under various forms until the installation of the United Nations Transitional Assistance Group (UNTAG). In all this period, the Rehoboth Baster community safeguarded its ancestral institutions and organisation.

In 1976, the South-African parliament voted a law No 56-(1976) which created a formal type of institutions which fitted in the traditional existing ones. This Law in no way replaced the so-called Paternal Laws but merely tried to insert them into the South African administrative structure for the territory.

Elections for a new Kaptein were held in 1977. These elections were won by Ben Africa. The results of this election were immediately challenged by another candidate, Hans Diergaardt. A court of law declared the elections invalid because of irregularities. The new elections of 1978 proclaimed Hans Diergaardt the winner. In 1979 he was installed, together with the new Kapteins Council and Peoples Assembly.

The UNTAG suspended the Act in 1989 without making reference to the Paternal Laws, which were not repealed as they formed in no way part of the South African legal system. By virtue of schedules to the Namibian constitution, all so-called discriminative South-African law ceased to have effect. This applied also to law 56-(1976). It seems obvious that the repeal of the above mentioned law recreated the "status quo ante" i.e. the Paternal Laws and eventual dispositions of the Treaty of 1885.

The Rehoboth government assembled on 20 March 1990, the day before Namibian independence. With the support of a large part of the population the Rehoboth government declared the independence of Rehoboth. Namibia in its turn, gained its independence from South Africa the day after, and the stalemate began. Kaptein Diergaardt and the Rehoboth government occupied Rehoboth and refused to hand over their authority to Namibia or cooperate with the new administration. Eventually the Namibian government sent in armed troops and by September 1990 the Rehoboth government ceased its occupation. All buildings and possessions of the Rehoboth government were confiscated.

On 10 October 1992 the Kaptein and Peoples Assembly officially declared the Rehoboth Basters an Indigenous People of Namibia

A Rehoboth Baster delegation, headed by Kaptein Hans Diergaardt visited the United Nations in Geneva on 19 July 1993. At the Working Group on Indigenous Populations the Kapten called on the international community to recognize the right to self-determination of the Rehoboth Basters. For over a decade the Rehoboth Basters sent a representative to the UN Working Group every year to create awareness for the Rehoboth Baster situation.

In 1993 there was also an attempt to become a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation (UNPO) which did not materialise. The UNPO is an organization that represents peoples, nations and states who do not have a seat in the United Nations. These members include the government in exile of Tibet, the Kurds, Somaliland and Taiwan. In September 2005 the Rehoboth Basters reapplied for membership and were eventually admitted to the organization on 2 February 2007, through which they hope to regain part of their self-determination and a restoration of rights as well as the return of ancestral lands.

On 17 November 1996, the Rehoboth Baster community filed a complaint at the Human Rights Commission of the United Nations (UNHRC) because the Namibian government did not allow the use of Afrikaans in government communication. On 6 September 2000, the UNHRC delivered a verdict stating that the government of Namibia violated the rights of the Rehoboth Baster community by refusing to communicate with them in Afrikaans. Although the ruling was favourable for the Basters, it did nothing to improve the situation.

On 23 November 1996, representatives of the Rehoboth Basters, Griqua and Nama from South Africa established a treaty of cooperation to further the claims for Self-determination of all the Khoikhoi descendents.

On 12 February 1998 Kaptein Diergaardt died of a heart attack. On 11 January 1999 new elections for the position of Kaptein were held. These elections were won by John Mc Nab.

In 2003 the Kapteins Council decided to request the Namibian government to recognize them as a Traditional Authority. Many peoples in Namibia have such a status which grants them a form of self-governance on a local level in which they are able to administer their communal lands as well as provide funds to organize their activities. The lack of communal land, which was confiscated in 1991, however meant that the application by the Rehoboth Basters to be recognized as a Traditional Authority was denied. Only groups who hold communal land can be recognized as a Traditional Authority.
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klipkap · May 3, 2014

litwin said: ↑

[video=youtube;fs8GbbDjAfQ]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fs8GbbDjAfQ[/video]

http://www.rehobothbasters.org/

is it any future for them in Africa? and why the world turns a blind eye on this situation?
Click to expand...

The Rehoboth basters, the Nama, the Griqua and in fact the majority of the group called the Cape Coloureds present a fascinating wrinkle in the politically correct sheet. I think it might have been Adam Small, the famous Cape Coloured poet who said "When the whites were in charge we were not white enough. Now we are not black enough." How sad. I mean it sincerely. I grew up amongst these people.

And another interesting fact is that Afrikaans is the mother language of many of these people, although fashion is roding that. The future of this unique language may well be in their hands and not in the hands of the right-wing Afrikaners.

Lastly, they, together with the San people (the "Bushmen") are the original people of much of South Africa. The black tribes are just as much colonialists as the whites are.

Unfortunately I do not believe that a future 'Khoi' country is likely.

But we can all help by putting aside the truly silly concept of Political Correctness in South Africa, and instead embrace facts and logic. These are truly a wonderful people with a delightful sense of humour. Let us not argue that calling the blacks 'colonialists' is not PC. Scrap that silly nonsense. THESE are the real original South Africans.

litwin · May 3, 2014

klipkap said: ↑

The Rehoboth basters, the Nama, the Griqua and in fact the majority of the group called the Cape Coloureds present a fascinating wrinkle in the politically correct sheet. I think it might have been Adam Small, the famous Cape Coloured poet who said "When the whites were in charge we were not white enough. Now we are not black enough." How sad. I mean it sincerely. I grew up amongst these people.

And another interesting fact is that Afrikaans is the mother language of many of these people, although fashion is roding that. The future of this unique language may well be in their hands and not in the hands of the right-wing Afrikaners.

Lastly, they, together with the San people (the "Bushmen") are the original people of much of South Africa. The black tribes are just as much colonialists as the whites are.

Unfortunately I do not believe that a future 'Khoi' country is likely.

But we can all help by putting aside the truly silly concept of Political Correctness in South Africa, and instead embrace facts and logic. These are truly a wonderful people with a delightful sense of humour. Let us not argue that calling the blacks 'colonialists' is not PC. Scrap that silly nonsense. THESE are the real original South Africans.
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+1.
$hitt, ( i hope they will get own country one day ..., the whole situation is a huge injustices
can you write more about this people, cultures?

J0NAH · May 10, 2014

klipkap said: ↑

Lastly, they, together with the San people (the "Bushmen") are the original people of much of South Africa. The black tribes are just as much colonialists as the whites are.
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nonesense. you should read Afrikan history but then again, why would you bother doing that.

klipkap · May 11, 2014

J0NAH said: ↑

nonesense. you should read Afrikan history but then again, why would you bother doing that.
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You see I was taught that the Khoikhoi presence in South Africa can be traced back at least to the 5th C. They were in Botswana earlier than that.
http://books.google.es/books?id=U55...ce=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
Emile Boonzaier (in his book The Cape Herders - see reference above) suggests that they had reached Zambia/Zimbabwe by 100BC, over 2000 years ago. There these first colonialists encountered to original inhabitants of South Africa, the San people, whose DNA suggests that they may be amongst the oldest existing modern Homo sapiens.

So this early Khoikhoi heritage is humbled by that of the San people. Dr Backwell and colleagues found tools in the eastern Cape that resemble modern San utensils which were dated at 44000 years. http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-19069560
Geneticists suggest that the San date back 60 000 years ago.
"Bushman" paintings - San art - dates back 27 000 years .... and that art does not move around http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/bushman/

In 1932, the ruins of Mapungubwe were uncovered in the extreme north of South Africa adjacent to Kipling's "great grey-green greasy Limpopo". This was a 'Bantu' (Black) settlement. They date from 1000 to 1200 AD when it was abandoned. It is tempting to link this settlement with that of Great Zimbabwe a few hundred kilometres further north. The University of Pretoria has an excellent display, including the beautifully delicate Golden Rhino. http://web.up.ac.za/default.asp?ipkCategoryID=14727&subid=14727

From then on Bantu-speaking black people moved slowly southwards forming coastal settlements during the 16th C, with the Zulu kingdom being founded in northern Natal by ca. 1709. The great Zulu expansion took place in the early 19th C. The ancestral Bantu languages contained none of the "clicks" that it has today. These were acquired from the indigenous San people. The Drakensberg in eastern Natal is a veritable gallery of San rock art. http://www.wits.ac.za/academic/scie...ockart/14759/rock_art_of_southern_africa.html Check this link for some fabulous images. The painters of these masterpieces were isolated in the high mountains of the Drakensberg by the late-1700s and the last one was seen in 1871.

The first white colony was established by the Dutch at Cape Town in 1652.There were no Bantu-speakers to be seen. The Whites moved east from the Cape of Good hope and met the Xhosas (Bantu), the forefront of their southward migration, in the eastern Cape, north of Port Elizabeth, in the late 1700s.

So what were these books have you read, Jonah, which contradict my claim that both Bantu and Whites are relatively recent colonialists in South Africa? If there aren't any, I would be interested to know the motivation for your post.

J0NAH · May 11, 2014

klipkap said: ↑

So what were these books have you read, Jonah, which contradict my claim that both Bantu and Whites are relatively recent colonialists in South Africa? If there aren't any, I would be interested to know the motivation for your post.
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The Zulu are not colonists, they just migrated there over 500 years ago. the afrikkkaners on the other hand are colonists and a more vile ppl you are unlikely to ever meet.

klipkap · May 11, 2014

J0NAH said: ↑

The Zulu are not colonists, they just migrated there over 500 years ago. the afrikkkaners on the other hand are colonists and a more vile ppl you are unlikely to ever meet.
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The Afrikaners just migrated there 360 years ago. LOL - big difference. I am underwhelmed Jonah.

Frederik Van Zyl Slabbert was an Afrikaner. So is Breyton Breytenbach. Bram Fischer came from a prominent Afrikaner family. Dr Chris Barnard is an Afrikaner. General Jan Smuts was an Afrikaner. André Brink is an Afrikaner. F. W. de Klerk is an Afrikaner. Etienne Leroux was an Afrikaner.Derek Hanekom is an Afrikaner. Carl Niehaus is an Afrikaner. Piet Croucamp is an Afrikaner.

So what we are left with is you subjective stereotyping, gross generalisation, and crystal clear bigotry.

Well done!!

Have a nice day with your prejudices, Boetie.

J0NAH · May 11, 2014

klipkap said: ↑

The Afrikaners just migrated there 360 years ago. LOL - big difference. I am underwhelmed Jonah.

Frederik Van Zyl Slabbert was an Afrikaner. So is Breyton Breytenbach. Bram Fischer came from a prominent Afrikaner family. Dr Chris Barnard is an Afrikaner. General Jan Smuts was an Afrikaner. André Brink is an Afrikaner. F. W. de Klerk is an Afrikaner. Etienne Leroux was an Afrikaner.Derek Hanekom is an Afrikaner. Carl Niehaus is an Afrikaner. Piet Croucamp is an Afrikaner. .
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Nice..

and your point is what?

klipkap · May 11, 2014

J0NAH said: ↑

Nice..

and your point is what?
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And YOU told me that I should read African books!!!!
If you don't know why they are famous, it doesn't matter any longer.

J0NAH · May 11, 2014

who are you talking about?

klipkap · May 15, 2014

J0NAH said: ↑

who are you talking about?
Click to expand...

You advised me to read books on Afrikan (sic) history. I showed you that within a very similar timespan both the Zulus and the Afrikaners were colonialists. Without providing any verifiable facts in rebuttal, you went into denial mode. I left it there --- flogging dead horse, etc.

But that was not all. You then produced the most appalling case of bias, bigotry and generalised racial stereo-typing that I have ever seen with:

J0NAH said: ↑

the afrikkkaners (sic) on the other hand are colonists and a more vile ppl you are unlikely to ever meet.
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So I provided you with a list of Afrikaners (please edit your spell-checker). You didn't even know who they were, yet you were willing to tar and feather their entire fellow people. Within the sack-name of Afrikaners are:

# included a Nobel peace prize winner and along with Gorbachev, one of the politically bravest men of the late 20th C.
# included numerous liberal Afrikaans authors who were scorned by the ultra-right wing faction (of which many still remain)
# include a world-famous surgeon, the first to implement open-heart transplant surgery
# include Afrikaners who chose to leave their country rather to remain under the weight of Apartheid
# include senior ANC functionaries who are Afrikaners
# include political leaders of the left-wing faction of white politics who vigorously opposed Apartheid.
# include in international statesman who was a member of the British War Cabinet. He became a field marshal in the British Army in 1941, and served in the Imperial War Cabinet under Winston Churchill. He was once of the reasons why the state of Israel was created. He was an Afrikaner.
# include one of the most famous air aces of the Battle of Britain
# include Afrikaners like Anton Rupert who established international conglomerates while calling on "the Apartheid leadership to 'do something brave'"

Obviously I am aware of the many bad pennies that existed and continue to exist within that group.
But I find it just so offensively odious that you assign yourself the right to tar all of them with the same brush.

My mother was an Afrikaner and one of the most gentle and compassionate souls you could ever wish to meet. She called herself a "Smuts girl".

But you have proven to know absolutely nothing of them.

THAT is what I am talking about - your demonstrated unmitigated bigotry.

litwin · May 15, 2014

J0NAH said: ↑

The Zulu are not colonists, they just migrated there over 500 years ago. the afrikkkaners on the other hand are colonists and a more vile ppl you are unlikely to ever meet.
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i dont see any difference between those 2 migrations, do you ?

litwin · May 15, 2014

J0NAH said: ↑

nonesense. you should read Afrikan history but then again, why would you bother doing that.
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this one?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_expansion

wyly · May 15, 2014

litwin said: ↑

[video=youtube;fs8GbbDjAfQ]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fs8GbbDjAfQ[/video]

is it any future for them in Africa? and why the world turns a blind eye on this situation?
Click to expand...

in world still plagued by racism here is an integrated group that has done away with that and is still discriminated against...black racists are every bit as vile as white racists...

Strange language, I understand maybe 15% of it...

wyly · May 15, 2014

litwin said: ↑

i dont see any difference between those 2 migrations, do you ?
Click to expand...

none at all...afrikaaners had as much right to move into the region as the bantu...the real invaders were the english who followed later to exploit the gold and diamond resources...

litwin · May 15, 2014

wyly said: ↑

in world still plagued by racism here is an integrated group that has done away with that and is still discriminated against...black racists are every bit as vile as white racists...

Strange language, I understand maybe 15% of it...
Click to expand...

can you dutch?

litwin · May 15, 2014

wyly said: ↑

none at all...afrikaaners had as much right to move into the region as the bantu...the real invaders were the english who followed later to exploit the gold and diamond resources...
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agreed, Hollond was badly overpopulated, they had to go somewhere, look what they did ... SA is the only one developed country in the whole Africa

wyly · May 15, 2014

litwin said: ↑

can you dutch?
Click to expand...

I can...

J0NAH · May 15, 2014

klipkap said: ↑

You advised me to read books on Afrikan (sic) history. I showed you that within a very similar timespan both the Zulus and the Afrikaners were colonialists. Without providing any verifiable facts in rebuttal, you went into denial mode. I left it there --- flogging dead horse, etc.
Click to expand...

The Zulu were not colonists, they were revolutionary warriors sent by the most high to rid Afrika of the plague that was sweeping the land.

- - - Updated - - -

litwin said: ↑

this one?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_expansion
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istated 'afrikan history' not european history.

litwin · May 15, 2014

J0NAH said: ↑

The Zulu were not colonists, they were revolutionary warriors sent by the most high to rid Afrika of the plague that was sweeping the land.

- - - Updated - - -

istated 'afrikan history' not european history.
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Somalians, Ethiopians, North Africans, etc. are the colonists as well? you have a wrong picture of Africa , according it , only sub Saharan west African Negroids are the real Africans.

- - - Updated - - -

wyly said: ↑

I can...
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my guess its an old form of dutch...

ps great culture, ....

litwin · May 15, 2014

[video=youtube;ylCj3bU94IE]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylCj3bU94IE[/video]

- - - Updated - - -

[video=youtube;e5l-M2cvI58]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5l-M2cvI58[/video]

wyly · May 15, 2014

litwin said: ↑

My guess its an old form of dutch...

ps great culture, ....
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350yr old dutch, of which there would have been several dialects, add in low germans and french huguenots, isolate them for 350 yrs and its not surprising they developed their own distinctive language and culture...I very good friend of mine speaks the language, we could share the ocassional joke no one else would understand, but our ability to communicate in our respective languages was limited...he was of the mixed colour variety so was oppressed by the old apartheid regime, he found it amusing to have a friend whose relative was one of the prime architects of apartheid...

litwin · May 15, 2014

wyly said: ↑

350yr old dutch, of which there would have been several dialects, add in low germans and french huguenots, isolate them for 350 yrs and its not surprising they developed their own distinctive language and culture...I very good friend of mine speaks the language, we could share the ocassional joke no one else would understand, but our ability to communicate in our respective languages was limited...he was of the mixed colour variety so was oppressed by the old apartheid regime, he found it amusing to have a friend whose relative was one of the prime architects of apartheid...
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can you update me about situation in SA, rights of minorities. friend of mine lived in SA , 2 years. not anymore ...

wyly · May 15, 2014

litwin said: ↑

can you update me about situation in SA, rights of minorities. friend of mine lived in SA , 2 years. not anymore ...
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sorry I can't, I moved and only see my friend who was my direct source of information once every 2 or 3 years now... and even he doesn't return to S Africa, its become too violent for his family they refuse to go back even to visit...and that's what I hear from many S Africans of all colours who now make their home in Canada...

litwin · May 15, 2014

wyly said: ↑

sorry I can't, I moved and only see my friend who was my direct source of information once every 2 or 3 years now... and even he doesn't return to S Africa, its become too violent for his family they refuse to go back even to visit...and that's what I hear from many S Africans of all colours who now make their home in Canada...
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very typical , unfortunately... just wonder whats place the Boers got in the official SA´ historiography?

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