The Constitution, Article I, section 9, clause 4, requires that a “direct tax” must be apportioned among the states by population.3 For the Founders, a necessary element to be a direct tax is that apportionment among the states by population must be reasonable and just. Thus import taxes (the impost), excise taxes, duties, carriage taxes and now real estate and wealth taxes have been expelled from the definition of direct tax, sometimes by the operation of ordinary language and sometimes by Supreme Court decision.
~ I feel bad for "Pops" Bernie holding up his arm for permission to speak. Looks tired ... They should have a big blue light on their podiums and a giant button to smack .
It's 2020. Time to move on. People who buy into racist beliefs are harmed by it. It stunts their growth as an individual.
The authors are incorrect, wealth taxes have not been. Also there is no federal real estate tax...carriage, import and exercises taxes are indirect taxes because they are transactional.