If abortion were banned on the state or national level, would "pro-lifers" support...

Statements that women are being taken advantage of when they themselves choose to have sex imply that females don't want sex. Statements that women choosing to have sex means they are disrespected imply that females don't really want sex.

What is a "phony liberal"? Is that a conservative in disguise? Opposing abstinence education (which is ineffective and therefore a waste of money) does not mean the opposer wants "to encourage teenagers to be promiscuous." That is really a strawman argument.

Total distortion of that site. Showing the failures of abstinence-only education is not pushing abortion and gay sex, nor is it wanting women to be promiscuous.

 

I think young women are being taken advantage of when adults are encouraging them to have sex or to experiment. Are they choosing or giving into peer pressure or social pressure? They should be encouraging young people to respect their bodies and not treat sex as a casual exchange intended for fun and to satisfy carnal pleasures.

A phony liberal pretends to care about children and their health but are only really concerned with getting them sexually active and hopefully generating plenty of abortion business.

You must not have explored that site very well but that is what that site does.

 

No one is encouraging them to have sex, they are encouraging them to use reliable birth control when they do choose to have sex. No amount of any education can change human nature, and human nature means that we are all subject to peer pressure and social pressure. Comprehensive sex ed can teach young people how to deal with pressures to have sex, but it won't eliminate the sex drive nor social pressures.

Since that describes no one at all, we can stop worrying about that.

Recognizing that abortion and gay sex exists is not "pushing" it.

 

Sure they don't. And Planned Parenthood doesn't sell body parts for profit.

 

No it doesn't, and the heavily edited video you are referring to never says it does.

 

I've heard it said that there's a first time for everything. This is your first time to be right. Hooray!

 

I suggest you learn to say what you actually mean then and no be so wishy-washy.

Ergo you have been found wanting and so choose to run away.

If that is what you believe then that is your choice, I fo one have never claimed either of the above.

fine that is your prerogative .. however, when in a debate/discussion forum actually being able to support why you have the opinion you do is pretty much a must, otherwise it is nothing more than a monologue.

 

Nope not a strawman at all, though I understand why you cannot defend your own comments and what they mean.

Quote where I said that please, actually I save you the trouble .. I didn't, so who is the one creating strawmen now, furthermore you are the one who said you could not access the translation I was merely trying to help in some mistaken ideology that you might actually be interested .. I should have known better.

 

Really, I am pro-choice as is my x-wife, we have two children . .strange, according to you we would have run away from those pregnancies, just goes to show you live in a bubble of delusion created by ignorance.

 

Well you are free to disagree with the numerous amount of research on the subject if you wish . .for the rest of us in reality it quite plainly shows that abstinence only sex education is a catastrophic failure.

So does Comprehensive sex education.

Correct, "Having the ability to choose" not being forced.

no one is, that is just your strawman. What is being argued is the reality that no matter how much you tell teens that sex is wrong etc they will still have sex, what your ideology does is ignore those facts and fails to provide teens with the relevant information should they indulge in sex and get caught out, its a bit like teaching someone to drive a car and not telling them how to use the brakes.

 

It was a strawman because I never said I want children to grow up ignorant.

<Rule 2>

 

Great, so you really want children to have comprehensive sex education then .. good to know.

<Reply to Deleted>

 

Abstinence only works 100% of the time. It's stupid to call it a failure and any studies that do have an agenda.

Whatever sex ed the schools teach, ultimately, it should be the parent who gets to choose what their children are exposed to. Aren't liberals pro-choice?

I don't think that abstinence only should be the only thing taught in sex ed, I just think it should be encouraged. I don't think schools need to be encouraging children to have sex because some believe they are going to do it anyway. That is not only capitulation, it is giving up.

 

Just for you, though I know you won't bother reading it

RESUME

The article presents the first results of the National Survey of Abortion (PNA), a survey by random sampling of households, conducted in 2010, whose coverage included women aged between 18 and 39 years across the urban Brazil. The PNA survey combined two techniques: the technique of urn and questionnaires completed by interviewers. Their results indicate that at the end of their reproductive life, more than one in five women has had an abortion, abortions occurring generally in the ages that make up the center of the reproductive period of women, that is, between 18 and 29 years. There was no relevant difference in practice religious belief function, but abortion was more common among women with less education. The use of drugs for the last abortion induction occurred in half the cases and post-abortion hospitalization was observed in about half of the abortions. These results lead to the conclusion that abortion should be a priority in national public health agenda.

Keywords: Induced abortion, abortion Research, Medical abortion, reproductive history, urn Technique, Brazil

ABSTRACT

This study presents the first results of the National Abortion Survey (PNA, National Abortion Research), the household random sample survey fielded in 2010 covering urban women in Brazil aged 18 to 39 years. The PNA combined two techniques, Questionnaires interviewer-administered and self-administered ballot box Questionnaires. The results of PNA show que at the end of Their reproductive health one in five women has Performed an abortion, with abortions being more frequent in the main reproductive ages, that is, from 18 to 29 years old. No relevant differentiation was Observed in the practice of abortion Among religious groups, but abortion was found to be more common Among people with lower education. The use of medical drugs to induce abortion occurred in half of the abortions, and post-abortion hospitalization was Observed Among Approximately half of the women who aborted. Such results lead to Conclude que abortion is a priority in the Brazilian public health agenda.

Key words: Induced abortion, Abortion surveys, Medical abortion, Reproductive history, Ballot box technique, Brazil

Introduction

The data on the magnitude of induced abortion in Brazil must be examined in the light of the restrictive context of the law. Abortion is a crime and women are penalized for their practice. The researchers have no way to provide confidentiality or protection measures for women who participate in research, whether performed in hospitals or in their homes. There is no right to respect for the exercise of research in Brazil. It was in this context paradoxical contrast between the criminal law and the health needs of women that most studies on magnitude of abortion was conducted in Brazil in recent decades to support reproductive health policies 1.2.

The main studies on the magnitude of abortion in Brazil used three types of methodological approach 1. The first part of hospital admissions records for medical procedures related to abortion, such as curettage, the most recent calculations based on records of the Unified Health System (SUS). To these hospital records, apply correction factors to estimate the abortion phenomenon caused at the national level 3.4. The second type consists of research at the bedside, with women hospitalized for abortion complications in which the abortion stories are retrieved by health professionals responsible for medical care. Most Brazilian studies on abortion was well done and presents specific Hospital data or certain localities 5-8. The third type combines new information collection techniques, but seeks to find the abortion phenomenon caused also outside the hospital, such as they did with technical surveys use randomly and 9-12 urn technique. As well as research at the bedside, research on secrecy techniques were held in specific locations.

Estimates of the magnitude of abortion diverge as the techniques and sources used 13-15. The application of different methods of collecting information about abortion, using questionnaires in different population samples led to varying estimates. According to the study of Lara and collaborators, held in Mexico, at random response technique is higher abortion rates, although present the disadvantages of causing errors in interpretation between low education and women require much larger samples 13. The self-administered questionnaires achieve lower rates, but are the most recommended technique when applying for other information of interviewees. Then come the interviews by self-administered computer and face to face interviews. In Brazil, Silva, after studying a neighborhood of São Paulo, found that face to face interviews led to the failure to eighty answers on abortion in every hundred women interviewed 12.

To date, abortion estimates for all Brazil based on indirect techniques. A study based on hospitalizations associated with abortion in public health services, for example, estimates that there were 2.07 abortions for every 100 women aged 15 to 49 years in 2005. 3 However, such estimates depend on a parameter. - The reason admissions for abortion - which in this case was established assuming that 20% of abortions resulted in hospitalization registered by the SUS system of hospital admissions. Direct estimation techniques do not rely on this multiplier and can actually contribute to determine it more accurately.

Direct estimates were made, but for smaller geographical areas. A survey successfully applied the technique urn in a sample of households in the city of Pelotas (RS). The urn technique consists of a confidential questionnaire completed by respondents and deposited in an urn, being named one of the best alternatives for this kind of estimate. The study identified the Pelotas abortion induction in 7.2% of women of all ages surveyed, almost twice the value obtained when the lifting technique was the indirect questions 10. In women who have completed their reproductive life (45-49 years), it is estimated that 12% of them induced abortion throughout life.

This value of the study of Pelotas bears some resemblance to others carried out in Colombia and Mexico. A national survey applying the urn technique in 1992 found that 22.9% of urban women aged 15 to 55 had abortions in Colombia 16. Research in Mexico City and in rural Chiapas (Mexico), Lara and colleagues estimate that in 2001, 21.7% of women aged 15 to 55 interviewed had tried to induce abortion at least once in a lifetime 13 . Later using the at random response technique in a sample from across the country, the authors estimated an overall incidence of induced abortion in Mexico 16% 17.

This article presents the first results of the National Survey of Abortion (PNA). The PNA is a survey by random sampling of households that combined two survey techniques: the technique of urn and questionnaires completed by interviewers. His coverage included women aged 18 to 39 in 2010, around the urban Brazil. The objective of the NAP is to provide data on abortion in Brazil, in order to support public health actions for women of reproductive age and provide information necessary for the design of new surveys on the type and parameters for indirect estimates.

Methodology

The data were acquired from adult women, combining two sequential techniques. First, autopreenchidos questionnaires deposited in ballot box procedure known as technical urn (ballot box technique), with closed questions on abortion. Second, face to face questionnaires completed by interviewers, who inquired about social and demographic information. The goal is to emphasize the urn at the time of interview, the confidentiality of responses, in order to improve the reliability of responses to socially controversial issues. The technique, used successfully in previous surveys on abortion 1,10,13, was initially designed for research on voting intentions 18 and studies indicate that their use dramatically reduces the incidence of non-response to certain questions 19,20. The urn and the questionnaire presented graphic texts and statements that emphasized the confidentiality of responses, and introduction to oral interviews deliberately reinforced its confidentiality.

The methodology and questionnaires urn were validated in a ten-step procedure, which included three rounds of evaluation by external teams of experts and two field tests that were applied sequential mixed media interview (questionnaire and structured script) on random samples households. In all, seven types of questionnaires were evaluated for the production of the final urn questionnaire. The validation procedures of research tools will be presented in detail in another publication.

The universe sampled by the survey is made &#8203;&#8203;up of women aged between 18 and 39 years literate and residents in urban Brazil in 2010. The minimum age of 18 respondents to the assured legal age and maximum 39 years sought to minimize memory errors, a major problem in the case of controversial issues 21. This age group comprises the most reproductive events of Brazilian women. Literacy was an inevitable requirement for the type of questionnaire used and the restriction to urban areas sought to reduce the bias associated with non-performing illiteracy interviews, the incidence among women over thirty years is high in rural areas, according to the National Survey Sample 2008 22 households.

The survey was conducted on a stratified random sample of households with allocation proportional to the population of each stratum. The sample was designed for a confidence level of 95%, with a sampling error of two percentage points for national results. The strata of the sample was made &#8203;&#8203;up of the states of the Federation, being the capital and the cities of metropolitan areas included with probability equal to one and sample size proportional to their populations. Within each stratum, random samples of clusters were selected in three stages: municipalities with probability proportional to size (the population of literate women 18-39 years), census tracts with probability proportional to size (the population of literate women aged 18 to 39 years) and women in households, using proportional quota age, occupation employment status and level of education, resulting in a self-weighted sample of 2,002 interviews. It was only interviewed one woman per household. Sampling and interviews were conducted by Ibope Intelligence Agency, with fieldwork taking place between 13 and January 21, 2010.

Each respondent answered two questionnaires, a self-administered and deposited in the ballot box and the other administered by an interviewer female 23. The two questionnaires had codes that allowed their pairing, but not the identification of participants. The questionnaire urn confirmed the exact age and wondered if the woman had performed abortions; if so, at what age it was the last abortion; He used medicine to do so and was hospitalized due to this miscarriage. The questionnaire administered by the interviewer contained on literacy issues, age, education, labor occupancy condition, often to the health post and gynecologist, marital status, fertility, family size, religion and family income. Following recommendations for autopreenchidos questionnaires about sexual and reproductive health in populations including people with low education, the questionnaire format of the urn was simple, without conceptually complex issues or involving systems and multiple answers 24.

The questions were achieved in three stages: survey interviewers, questionnaire urn and return the questionnaire the interviewers. The interview began with questions about literacy, age, education and occupation labor condition, which determined the sampling quotas and therefore the selection to participate in the study. Then they were often issues to the health post and gynecologist, followed by questionnaire urn. Finally, after the deposit of the questionnaire, concluded to interview with questions about marital status, fertility, family size, religion and family income made &#8203;&#8203;by the interviewers.

The questionnaire urn asked the woman "Have you ever had an abortion before?". In addition, the contextual information from the rest of the questionnaire (three additional questions) emphasized the probing of abortion. Still, despite the wording used to aim the capture of abortion, it may have also captured miscarriages. Alternative statements, more incisive in identifying the induction were evaluated in pre-tests and discarded.

The estimates refer to abortions in any period of women's lives and not just to those that occurred in 2010. The sociodemographic characteristics of women are observed in 2010, but are also presented information about the last abortion performed. The choice for the last abortion aimed to reduce any memory errors.

The PNA was funded by the National Health Fund, as part of an extensive research on reproductive health policies in Brazil, and conducted by two research institutions, the University of Brasilia and Anis - Institute of Bioethics, Human Rights and Gender. The research project was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of the Institute of Human Sciences at the University of Brasilia and approved prior to its implementation in accordance with the guidelines of the National Health Council 25. The free and informed consent (IC) was obtained orally and before the start of each approach to women, in order to ensure the confidentiality and anonymity of the data. There was refused registration on the acceptance of oral IC and field researchers were instructed to referral to the clinic in case of psychological discomfort caused by interview or in case of demands for reproductive health services. However, there were no complications of that nature.

Results

There is a fairly extensive literature on the issue of abortion in Brazil, which was treated by recent revisions 1.2. However, two factors hinder the discussion of PNA results in the light of the findings of other investigations into the magnitude of abortion. First, the field is characterized by local nature studies, and studies of scarce nationwide. Second, the methodology used in national estimates allows no comparison: studies covering Brazil estimate indirectly the occurrence of abortions in a given period, while the PNA estimates directly women who have had abortions at some point in life. Differences in reference periods - year and throughout life - and objects - abortions and women who had one or more abortions - make the comparison between the results is not possible.

In 2010, in urban Brazil, 15% of the women interviewed reported having performed abortions in their lifetime ( Table 1 ). The results do not refer to numbers and proportions of abortions, but the women who had abortions. These measurement units are not the same, because a woman can abort more than once throughout life. The number of abortions is surely higher than the number of women who have had abortions, but the data in this study do not allow to estimate how much. In addition, the total number of abortions in the country will be higher than indicated in this study rural areas and illiterate population are also counted.

Like other relacio-nated cumulative facts reproductive life, the proportion of women who have had abortions grows with age. This proportion ranges from 6% for women aged 18 to 19 years to 22% among women 35-39 years. This shows how abortion is a common phenomenon in the reproductive lives of women. In simple terms, this means that at the end of their reproductive life, more than a fifth of women in urban Brazil had an abortion.

In addition to the age at interview, the PNA asked the age of completion of the last abortion. The survey evidence indicate that abortion is not done just to delay the onset of reproductive life or prevent children in old age. In fact, about 60% of women made &#8203;&#8203;their last (or only) abortion in the center of the reproductive period, ie between 18 and 29 years, with peak incidence between 20 and 24 years (24% in this age group only) . It is also worth noting that 15% of women do not know or did not answer the age at which held the last abortion.

Abortion is more frequent among very low level of education of women. The proportion of women who have had abortions reaches 23% among those with until the fourth year of primary school (or equivalent), while among women with complete high school is 12%. It is difficult, however, be attributed to schooling a direct determinant of abortion for at least two reasons: (1) the results reflect an age distribution of education in which the level of education is lower among groups that have accumulated more abortions over time, or is, older women and (2) because it is reasonable to believe that the indirect effects of education on abortion - affecting participation in the labor market and wages, conjugal union standards, etc. - Are as or more important than the direct effects of the level of information about reproduction and sexuality that further education would be able to add.

The incidence of abortion among women of different religions is almost the same. No significant difference was observed between religious groups, while much of the variations observed within the margins of error of the survey. As the PNA reflects the religious composition of Brazilian urban women, just under two thirds of women who have had abortions are Catholic, fourth, Protestant or evangelical, and less than one-twentieth of other religions. About one-tenth did not respond or does not have religion.

As shown in Table 2 , about half of women who had abortions used some type of medication to induce him. Illegal abortions with drugs tend to be safer than those using other means, particularly when the drug is used misoprostol, popularized in Brazil in the nineties 26. The PNA does not identify which drugs used by women, but it is possible that among them misoprostol occupy an important position. If this is true, the security levels of non-hospital abortion in Brazil today must be higher than those seen in past decades, a hypothesis that is strengthened by the fall of morbidity and mortality from unsafe abortion in the country 1.2. However, there is still another half of women who abort without resorting to drugs and, in the case of induction, it is possible that these women are aborting under precarious health conditions, since most of them have low educational level.

Post-abortion hospitalization levels are high and place abortion as a public health problem in Brazil. About half of women who had abortions resorted to the health system and were hospitalized for complications related to abortion, which corresponds to 8% of the women interviewed. Much of this hospital could have been prevented if abortion was not treated as illegal activity and access to safe medicines to abortion was guaranteed.

Conclusions

The National Abortion Survey (PNA) combined two survey techniques, urn technical and questionnaires completed by interviewers to collect data on abortion in urban Brazil in a stratified sample of 2,002 literate women aged 18 to 39 in 2010. His results refer to women who have abortions and miscarriages not. The number of abortions in the country is more than accounted for by research, not only because the same woman can have an abortion more than once, but also because the illiterate women and rural areas of Brazil were not covered by the survey.

The PNA indicates that abortion is so common in Brazil that when turned forty, more than one in five women have had an abortion. Typically, the abortion is done in ages that make up the center of the female reproductive period, ie between 18 and 29 years, and is more common among women with less schooling, which can be related to other social characteristics of low-level women education. Religion is not an important factor for differentiation of women in respect of abortion. Reflecting the religious composition of the country, most abortions was made &#8203;&#8203;by Catholic, followed by Protestant and evangelical and finally by women from other religions or no religion.

The use of drugs for the last abortion induction occurred in half the cases. Whereas most women is low education, it is likely that for the other half of the women who did not use drugs, abortion is done in precarious health conditions. Not surprisingly, post-abortion hospital levels recorded by the PNA are high, occurring in almost half of cases. A phenomenon so common and such important health consequences puts abortion in priority position in the national public health agenda.

Contributors

Diniz D and M Medeiros jointly participated in all stages of the study and are also responsible for writing the article.

Acknowledgements

Katia Soares Braga (Anis - Institute of Bioethics, Human Rights and Gender) was responsible for the international survey of the literature on urn techniques. Livia Barbosa, Vanessa Carrião and Rosana Castro (Anis - Institute of Bioethics, Human Rights and Gender) were responsible for supervising the field work and systematization of information on field diaries. Flavia Farias (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation) was responsible for the final layout of the questionnaire. The Ibope Intelligence Agency was responsible for the implementation of the national research phase. We appreciate the comments of Peter Tauil, Ana Maria Nogales, Suzanne Serruya, Greice Menezes and Marilena Corrêa. The financing of the project Care Policy Implementation to Women's Health - National Family Planning Policy is the Executive Board of the National Health Fund, Ministry of Health of Brazil. The authors thank the nineteen experts who reviewed the questionnaire models, at eight field researchers of the pre-trial phase and 154 people responsible for the national survey, a group too large to be nominated here.

References

1. Brazil. Ministry of Health. 20 years of research on abortion in Brazil. Brasilia: Ministry of Health; 2009. [ Links ]

2. Menezes G, E. Aquino Research on abortion in Brazil: advances and challenges in the field of public health Cad Saude Publica 2009;. 25 (Suppl. 2): S193-S204. [ Links ]

3. Monteiro M, L. Adesse Estimates induced abortion in Brazil and Major Regions, 1992-2005. In: Proceedings of the XV National Population Studies Meeting; 2006; Caxambu. P. 1-10. [ Links ]

4. Singh S, Wulf D. Estimating abortion levels in Brazil, Colombia and Peru, using hospital admissions and fertility survey data Int Fam Plan Perspect 1991; 17 (1):. 8-24. [ Links ]

5. Fonseca W, Misago C, LL Correia, Parente JAM, Oliveira FC. Abortion determinants caused among women admitted to hospitals in locality in the Northeast of Brazil. Rev. Saude Publica 1996; 30 (1): 13-18. [ Links ]

6. Fonseca W, Misago C, Freitas P, Santos and Fernandes L, L. Correia socio-demographic characteristics, reproductive and medical women admitted for abortion in hospital in southern Brazil Cad Saude Publica 1998;. 14 (2) : 279-286. [ Links ]

7. Lucena RCVD characteristics of women hospitalized for abortion in a public hospital in Recife:. Extent of the problem and its relation to contraceptive practice [dissertation]. Recife (PE): Research Center Aggeu Magalhães, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; 2000. [ Links ]

8. Schor N. Research on the occurrence of abortion in the urban center of hospital patients in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Rev. Saude Publica 1990; 24 (2): 144-151. [ Links ]

9. Olinto M. Estimating the frequency of induced abortions: test methodology Rev Bras Estud Popul 1994; 11:. 255-258. [ Links ]

10. Olinto M, DC Moreira Filho. Abortion estimate: comparac'aÞo between two methodologies Magazine Panam Salud Publica 2004; 15 (5):. 331-336. [ Links ]

11. R. Silva Storks unwanted: abortion Fem Estud 1993; 1 (1):. 123-133. [ Links ]

12. Silva R. The use of at random response technique (ART) in the characterization of illegal abortion Rev Bras Estud Popul 1993; 10 (1/2):. 41-56. [ Links ]

13. Lara D, J Strickler, Olavarrieta CD, Ellertson C. Measuring induced abortion in Mexico: a comparison of four methodologies Sociol Methods Res 2004;. 32 (4): 529-558. [ Links ]

14. T. Baker Investigating induced abortion in Developing Countries: methods and problems stud Plan Fam 1992; 23 (3):. 159-170. [ Links ]

15. Rossier C. Estimating induced abortion rates: a review stud Plan Fam 2003; 34 (2):. 87. [ Links ]

16. Zamudio L, N Rubiano, Wartenberg L. The incidence and social and demographic characteristics of abortion in Colombia. In: Mundigo AI, Indriso C, editors Abortion in the Developing World.. London; New York: Zen Books; 1999. p. 149-172. [ Links ]

17. Lara D, SG Garcia, Ellertson C, C Camlin, Suarez J. The measure of induced abortion levels in Mexico using random response technique Sociol Methods Res. 2006; 35 (2): 279-301. [ Links ]

18. Benson LE. Studies in secret-ballot technique Public Opin Q 1941.; 5 (1): 79-82. [ Links ]

19. Bishop GF, Fisher BS. "Secret ballots" and self-reports in an exit-poll experiment Q Public Opin. 1995; 59 (4): 568-588. [ Links ]

20. The Diskin, Felsenthal DS. ? Do they lie Int Pol Sci Rev 1981; 2 (4): 407-422. [ Links ]

21. Bradley KA, Kivlahan DR, Bush KR, McDonell MB, Fihn SD. Variations on the CAGE alcohol screening questionnaire: strengths and limitations in general VA medical pacientes Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2001;. 25 (10): 1472-1478. [ Links ]

22. Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. National Sample Survey of Households 2008 [CD-ROM]. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2008. [ Links ]

23. Catania JA, Binson D, Canchola J, LM Pollack, Hauck W, Coates TJ. Effects of gender interviewer, interviewer choice, and item wording on responses to questions Regarding sexual behavior Q Public Opin. 1996; 60 (3): 345-375. [ Links ]

24. Plummer ML, D Wight, Ross DA, R Balira, Anemone, Todd J, Z Salamba, AI Obasi, Grosskurth H, Changalunga J, Hayes RJ. Asking semi-literate adolescents about sexual behavior: the validity of assisted self-completion questionnaire (ASCQ) data in rural Tanzania Trop Med Int Health 2004; 9 (6):. 737-754. [ Links ]

25. Brazil. National Health Council Resolution 196/1996:. Regulatory guidelines and standards for research involving human subjects. Brasilia: Ministry of Health; 1996. [ Links ]

26. Barbosa RM, Arilha MA. The Brazilian experience with Cytotec Fem Estud 1993; 1 (2):. 408-417. [ Links ]

Paper presented on 24/03/2010
Approved on 11/05/2010
Final version submitted on 17/05/2010

 

I don't believe that others should have the choice to hurt themselves or others.

In the Declaration the first right mentioned is the right to life.

Some wars are necessary and justified. Executions of guilty criminals can also be justified. You have a right to defend yourself if it is a threat to your life.

I don't know why some people can't separate the guilty from the innocent.

 

It works IF practised, and that is the problem, no amount of slut shaming girls who don't practice it, or telling them how morally bad it is to have sex outside of marriage etc it won't change the fact that teens WILL have sex. If the object of Abstinence only sex education is to stop kids having sex it is an unmitigated failure.

Very much so, funny thing is education usually doesn't come under that umbrella, perhaps you would support others in their objective to get all religious education subject to parental approval in schools, after all that is also pro-choice on education.

Which is what Comprehensive sex education does.

They don't.

 

Oh geeze I tried. Your are right it is TLTR.

I read the first few paragraphs and noticed how they were talking about "estimates" this and "estimating" that. I looked up one of the researchers that is in the references and he/she is an expert on abortion apparently because they have a lot of published articles on it. I think that researchers who have an obvious bias tend to produce research with bias results. In other words, don't believe everything you read on the internet.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Lara D[Author]&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=25488893

 

So do you want things like tattoos and piercings banned?
Do you want boxing banned?

Yes, but right to life has restrictions upon it, you have no right to life at the expense of another, you have no right to life that includes taking something from another person without their consent in order to sustain your life. You cannot force another person to give you even a single mouthful of food no matter how much your life may depend upon it, so why is it ok to force a woman to give her nutrients, her oxygen and her body to another?

The common law has consistently held to a rule which provides that one human being is under no legal compulsion to give aid or to take action to save that human being or to rescue" - McFall vs Shimp

So in reality then it is only what you feel is justified that allows for someone else's right to life to be violated.

Furthermore threat to life is not the only justification for deadly force in self-defence, stand your ground & castle doctrine laws more than prove this.

A person can be innocent and still injure others, look up mens rea and involuntary actions. The innocences of a person does not mean they are incapable of hurting others, all it means is that they cannot be held accountable for those actions.

 

It requires reading in order to understand the methodology used.

It can only be estimates, the fact though is those estimates are extrapolated from hospital records and questionnaires, to suggest bias in the conclusion would imply that the hospital records are wrong and that people lied on the questionnaires . .perhaps you can tell me why people would lie on the questionnaires, especially with abortion being such a taboo subject in Brazil, would it not make more sense if those people has simply said they had not had an abortion?

Why do you distrust people who have experience in this subject, would you distrust a pro-life doctor such as Dr. Kanwaljeet Anand, or is it more that you choose to distrust those who don't adhere to what you believe, regardless of their qualifications or expertise?

 

Where do we disagree here then? All I'm saying is that parents should consent and that children should be encouraged to abstain.

I have shown where some of these are discouraging abstinence and encouraging teenagers to have sex. Saying abstinence only is an unmitigated failure is just discouraging it.

 

Sorry, I don't buy into the self-defense motivation or excuse for abortion. I don't buy into the idea that a fetus needs consent from his or her mother to live in the womb where she created him or her. They don't have any other choice in the matter. They didn't choose their mother.

 

fine, you are free to believe what ever you wish, that does not change the reality of the issue.

A woman does not "create" a fetus.

Why do you not believe a fetus needs consent, are you suggesting that a fetus is not a person with the same rights and restrictions all other people have, because as far as I am aware all people require consent in order to impose on other people, are you further suggesting that a fetus as a person has a greater right than all other people?

 

Because just like junk global warming science, when they use computer models to predict their predetermined outcomes, they change the garbage going in to get the garbage outcome they desire. Same thing here.

 

Except that global warming is something that is taking place, and please do show how the researchers had "predetermined outcomes", this study is just the tip of the iceberg .. however .. I just know no matter what research is placed before you-you will be in denial of it.

I suspect you think the WHO (World Health Organization) have predetermined outcomes as well, in fact ANYTHING that disagrees with you will be because of "predetermined outcomes" in your eyes, I wonder if this is because you also have predetermined outcomes or better known as confirmation bias.

Did Dr. Kanwaljeet Anand have predetermined outcomes when he changed the garbage going in to get the garbage outcome he desired, or does your disdain for research only extend to those who disagree with you?

 

I never said a fetus should have greater rights. (strawman)

I think they should have equal rights.