Map of Kurdistan in 1919 Paris peace conference

A Kurdistan region was scheduled to have a referendum to decide its fate, which, according to Section III Articles 62–64, was to include the Mosul Province.

There was no general agreement among Kurds on what its borders should be because of the disparity between the areas of Kurdish settlement and the political and administrative boundaries of the region. The outlines of a "Kurdistan" as an entity were proposed in 1919 by Şerif Pasha, who represented the Society for the Ascension of Kurdistan (Kürdistan Teali Cemiyeti) at the Paris Peace Conference. He defined the region's boundaries as follows:

"The frontiers of Turkish Kurdistan, from an ethnographical point of view, begin in the north at Ziven, on the Caucasian frontier, and continue westwards to Erzurum, Erzincan, Kemah, Arapgir, Besni and Divick (Divrik?); in the south they follow the line from Harran, the Sinjihar Hills, Tel Asfar, Erbil, Süleymaniye, Akk-el-man, Sinne; in the east, Ravandiz, Başkale, Vezirkale, that is to say the frontier of Persia as far as Mount Ararat."

This caused controversy among other Kurdish nationalists, as it excluded the Van region (possibly as a sop to Armenian claims to that region). Emin Ali Bedirhan proposed an alternative map which included Van and an outlet to the sea via Turkey's present Hatay Province. Amid a joint declaration by Kurdish and Armenian delegations, Kurdish claims on Erzurum vilayet and Sassoun (Sason) were dropped but arguments for sovereignty over Ağrı and Muş remained.

Neither of these proposals was endorsed by the treaty of Sèvres, which outlined a truncated Kurdistan located on what is now Turkish territory (leaving out the Kurds of Iran, British-controlled Iraq and French-controlled Syria). However, even that plan was never implemented as the Treaty of Sèvres was replaced by the Treaty of Lausanne. The current Iraq-Turkey border was agreed in July 1926.

Also article 63 grants explicitly full safeguard and protection to the Assyro-Chaldean minority. This reference was later dropped in the treaty of Lausanne.

An Arab delegation at Paris was led by Emir Faisal, with Colonel T. E. Lawrence as interpreter. Lawrence was officially employed by the British Foreign Office but acted as if he were a full member of the Arab delegation, wearing Arab dress. During World War I, he had recruited an Arab Legion to fight against the Ottomans with the support of Faisal's father, King Hussein, in return for assurances that an Arab state would be established in the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. The geographical extent of this territory was never finalized, but Hussein himself assumed it would stretch from the Hejaz north, including the Ottoman province of Greater Syria, which included Palestine, Trans-Jordan as well as part of Iraq. While the Lebanon was also in Greater Syria, it was understood that the French would assume responsibility for this territory and that some areas would be entrusted to the British. No official treaty existed but the offer was confirmed in correspondence from Sir Henry McMahon (1862-1949), Britain's High Commissioner in Egypt

The Balfour Declaration came as a shock to the Arab leader, since this promised the Jews a homeland in the middle of what he assumed would be an Arab state. Also, the Sykes-Picot Agreement of May 16, 1916 between the British and the French allocated territory to the two powers with no reference to an Arab state. While Hussein expected to be given Syria, the Agreement entrusted Syria to the French. However, Emir Faisal presented the Arab case at the Conference, even though his very presence there was resented by the French, who did not see why Arabs should be represented. Woodrow Wilson was sympathetic to the Arab cause but did not want the U.S. to administer a mandate in the Middle East, which might have occurred had the Conference agreed to the Arab proposal. Lawrence did his best to persuade delegates to support the Arabs but may have alienated some because of his disregard for protocol - officially, he was present as an interpreter.

In 1918, before leaving for the Conference, he had presented an alternative map of the region which included a Kurdish state and boundaries based on local sensitivities rather than on imperial interests. The borders of the British-French map were determined by existing commercial concessions, known as "capitulations." The final division did not deliver the Arab state as such. The British, however, established Faisal as king of Iraq and his brother as king of Jordan, which they carved from out of their Mandate of Palestine. Hussein was free to declare the Hejaz independent (it had been under the Ottomans) but he fell to a coup led by Prince Abdul Aziz bin Saud in 1924, founder of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Lawrence, although bitterly disappointed by the Conference's outcome, was instrumental in establishing the kingdoms of Iraq and Jordan.


references:


http://www.kurd.org/doc/OLeary_SLIDES.pdf
Brendan O’Leary , Lauder Professor of Political Science , University of Pennsylvania.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Sèvres
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919
http://books.google.com.au/books?id...rdistan map at paris peace conference&f=false

 

so much for "margot"'s Lies and propaganda about "kurds are Israeli contractors" , Kurds have been asking for statehood and were also given the right for statehood via "treaty of Sevres" since 1919 , so Mrs/Mr margot dont use that line of yours it just makes you look pathetic cos at 1919 there was no Israel .

 

Exploring Kurdish Origins.

http://www.kurdistanica.com/?q=node/74

By Prof. Mehrdad R. Izady

The question of Kurdish origins, i.e., who the Kurds are and where they come from, has for too long remained an enigma. Doubtless in a few words one can respond, for example, that Kurds are the end-product of numerous layers of cultural and genetic material superimposed over thousands of years of internal migrations, immigrations, cultural innovations and importations. But identifying the roots and the course of evolution of present Kurdish ethnic identity calls for a greater effort.

It calls for the study of each of the many layers of these human movements and cultural influences, as many and as early in time as is currently possible. And to achieve this, one needs to delve deep into antiquity, and debate notions as diverse as anthropology, linguistics, genetics, theology, economics and demography, not to mention simple old narrative history.

(This is quite lengthy and detailed)

There are also a number of studies throughout the late 1800s and early 1900s that are none too flattering... but point up a complete disunity among the Kurdish tribes......

 

your post is not related to the topic and has been reported , i dont want to see you post ever again that kurds are Israeli contractors , your BS propaganda is revealed and you run like a lil b***h and create another thread about kurds having tribes and been nomad , i dont think one can get more lamer and desperate as you . you failed in your propaganda towards kurds and just like a man accept your defeat .

 

The origins of the Kurds and their nomadic history is pivotal to the issue... you are part of a much larger and far more complicated history. A map is just a map.. a contrivance.

http://www.kurdistanica.com/?q=node/74

 

you just cant stop can you , the topic is about your wrong and BS accusation about kurds been Israeli contractors , now that i have proved you wrong i do not want you to ever post in any kurdish related articles and repeating that BS of yours again cos you will be once more shamed and lamed .

on the other hand it is very nice to have people like you in the world cos it reminds us kurds to work harder on declaring an independent kurdish state , which will give ashuris like you nite-meres for the rest of your remaining life .

 

Sevr treaty was an invasion document.It explained how the invading imperialist forces will share Turkey.Since kurds had always been a tool for the west,it was normal that they were promised with a country.Imperialist forces promised for a greater armenia,a pontiac greek republic in black sea region too.Considering an independence struggle and wars took place after 1919,that map of paris conference represents no valid point except propaganda.

 

Sevr treaty was an invasion document.It explained how the invading imperialist forces will share Turkey.Since kurds had always been a tool for the west,it was normal that they were promised with a country.Imperialist forces promised for a greater armenia,a pontiac greek republic in black sea region too.Considering an independence struggle and wars took place and won after 1919,that map of paris conference represents no valid point except propaganda.(Sorry for the double post.Dont know what went wrong.)

 

Why do you hate the Kurds?

 

Alan it has been a long time...
I like what you are reporting... I am elated that another person as knowledgeable as you realize that Kurdistan is here to stay.

I was proselytizing to all that when there is a people, a language and a religion there is also a country. And your country has been ignored since the Treaty of Sevre... I wish you well and your country well.

 

thank you my dear , Israel will be the first country we will recognize when we declare our independent , if Arab countries can do it so do we and we are not Arabs even thought we have been (Arabized and turkified) in the past but we have kept our culture cos we are strong and brave .

 

Because of their track record of changing sides on a whim.

And.. because of their history of savagery.

 

he has no reason he is just a hypocrite and nothing more . all those who have done what he does in the past have failed or gotten some sort of karma , look at Saddam , Assad and soon Turkey . as i hear now turkey is packing piles of (*)(*)(*)(*) and scared of a kurdish spring to erupt in the kurdish new year in march 21th (Nawroz).

 

http://www.politicalforum.com/middle-east/238644-character-kurdish-nomads.html

 

Sagi Chori: "Mosad sent me Kurdistan to help the Kurds"

http://www.israelkurd.com/en/index....id=127:magazine-israelkurd&catid=37:interview

 

yeah so what ? it is called survival tactic , when all "Muslims" around you want you dead you will seek help from others , that is normal thing .... but your BS propaganda about kurds been Israeli contractors was a nice joke while it lasted ..... we have been after statehood before countries like Cezch , south Sudan , Syria and Iraq existed , so next check your info before you type . Kurds have there land and now they have their source of income , declaring a kurdish state is only a matter of time , i cant wait to come back to you and laugh in your face when that happens .

may i ask what is your nationality ?

 

The same can be said for Americans. Imo the Kurds are a noble people with a tragic history. One thing about the Kurds is that they persevere. They will have their homeland.

 

I don't find them tragic at all..

As a group they have contributed to problems rather than being good citizens.. at least the rebel elements have done that.. getting alot of innocent Kurds and others killed in the process.

One minute they are on the side of Iran, next on the side of Iraq or the Soviets.. working with Israel to destabilize Iraq and get control of oilfields for the benefit of Israel.

Read about them.. They have always been treacherous and dangerous....

 

thanks Dear , yes we have our homeland and now after 80+ years we have our own source of income , (tourism , oil and gas) , which was used in the past to genocide us .

a kurdish state is now inevitable in iraqi kurdistan , it will be followed by an autonomous Syrian kurdistan and then the domino affect in the other remaining 2 occupied parts .

 

You have some minor oil companies and wildcatters..

Stealing assets from the whole of the Iraqi population is not impressive.

 

I am familiar with Kurdish history. Everything you say about the Kurds is equally applicable to Americans.

The Kurds have been betrayed over and over again. They have struggled to save their lives. Nothing more.

 

It is a pleasure to see Kurds take their proper place in the world.

 

we have exxon mobil who will be in kurdistan for 25 years , we are using our own oil in kurdistan now in Arab iraq that is under iraq control , so keep the BS to yourself cos noone cares about it obviously but yourself .

you still havent dared to say where you from ? maybe your an agent with a clear agenda ! .

 

thanks dear , are you aware of the oil contract Exxon Mobil has signed with Kurdistan for 25 years !!

 

Its better to have blood on your hands than to be in debt.

http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.23...id=2&uid=70&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=55899102143